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Using of the soil arametrisation based on soil samples database in rainfall-runoff modelling
Němečková, Soňa ; Košková, Romana ; Hesse, C.
The soil data processing and the simulations of the hydrological cycle in the Malse river basin using a distributed hydrological model SWIM are described. The Malse basin is situated in the southern Bohemia and it is a part of the Elbe river basin. Two sets of soil parameters were derived, the first one according to the soil samples (of the soil types) in the Malse watershed and the second according to samples from the whole Elbe river basin. The runoff simulations were completed based on both sets of parameters as the sensitivity test of the SWIM model to the soil data.
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Hydrograph separation using ionic concentration measurement
Vondrka, A. ; Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav
In this article a method of hydrograph separation based on ionic concentration measurement is discussed. The goal of the method described is to distinguish the “old” and “new” water flowing in a stream in the closing profile of a small mountainous catchment. The “new water” is the rain water or the soil water which contact with the soil has a very short duration, a few minutes or hours. The term “old water” denotes water which was stored in the soil cover for many days or weeks. The Na+ and K+ ions will be used as the tracers distinguishing the “old” and “new” water. Namely, it is known that the concentration of the K+ ion in the soil water is decreasing according the growing duration of the contact of water with soil and plants roots. Ionic concentration will be measured with the help of ion selective electrodes. Two and three component separation algorithm will be used for the hydrograph separation.
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Formation of extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Fišák, Jaroslav
In the article, hydrological and meteorological conditions preceding two extreme rains in the Krkonoše Mts. in summer 2002 and 2006 are discussed. Both were caused by cyclones, which moved from Hungary to Poland. Meteorological conditions preceding the rains were very similar in both cases – long-lasting lack of precipitation and extraordinary high air temperatures. We analyze the role of insufficient plant transpiration in the rise of both extreme rains.
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Hydrologic extremes and gross primary productivity in the Liz catchment
Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Lichner, Ľ. ; Váchala, J. ; Krejča, M.
The synergy between hydrologic extremes, plant transpiration, gross primary productivity, and soil water retention was studied in the experimental area Zábrod – meadow in the Bohemian Forest. Heat balance, potential and actual transpiration, entropy production and gross primary productivity were evaluated. It was found that the soil water retention is the crucial factor determining hydrologic pattern and gross primary productivity. Insufficient soil water retention leads to small entropy production by evaporation and small gross primary productivity, which results in the extremalization of the hydrologic cycle. On the other hand, in the case of sufficient soil water retention, high entropy production by transpiration and high gross primary productivity leads to the stability of the hydrologic cycle.
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The Central-European record precipitation and floods in Central Europe at the end of July 1897
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav ; Elleder, L.
In 2007 we have commemorated the 10th anniversary of the natural disaster in July 1997, which affected a number of countries in Central Europe. In the Czech Republic it was the "flood of the century". A certain analogy was an extreme event which was recorded exactly a hundred years ago, in the summer of 1897, i.e. already before 110 years. While the then hitherto records of multiday total precipitation amounts were broken in July 1997, the 1-day amount of 345.1 mm measured on the Nová Louka station in the Jizerské hory Mts. on 29 July 1897 was not beaten. It is therefore the Czech -and most likely also at least the Central-European- record until there days. The extreme rains in the summer of 1897 resulted in high water which affected a considerable part of Central Europe. In the territory of the today’s Czech Republic the floods occurred namely in the Upper Labe (Elbe) R. Basin.
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